Areva Est Un Groupe French Essay

Areva Est Un Groupe French Essay Areva est un groupe franà §ais qui figure parmi les leaders mondiaux de l’à ©nergie nuclà ©aire. Il rà ©sulte de la fusion, en septembre 2001, de CEA Industrie, Framatome et Cogema. Cotà © sur le marchà © de l’Euronext Paris, Areva est composà © de quatre principaux domaines d’actività ©s qui sont: le pà ´le amont (extraction et enrichissement d’uranium), le pà ´le aval (recyclage des combustibles nuclà ©aires), le pà ´le rà ©acteur et services (construction de rà ©acteur nuclà ©aire et services au combustible) et jusqu’à   rà ©cemment, le pà ´le T&D (transmission et distribution d’à ©lectricità ©) sur lequel porte notre à ©tude. En analysant les relations entre la stratà ©gie globale du groupe et la dà ©cision de cà ©der le pà ´le T&D, puis en à ©tudiant le contexte (performance de l’entreprise†¦) nous aurons alors une meilleure comprà ©hension de la dà ©cision prise. Areva dispose de compà ©tences e t d’un savoir faire de trà ¨s haut niveau dans son secteur, rà ©sultat de plus de 60 ans d’histoire de l’à ©lectronuclà ©aire franà §ais. Le groupe a pour ambition d’à ªtre à   la fois le fournisseur mondial d’infrastructures nuclà ©aires mais à ©galement du combustible nà ©cessaire à   l’exploitation de ces infrastructures, ainsi que des services attachà ©s à   ce combustible. Anne Lauvergeon, Prà ©sidente du groupe, compare d’ailleurs volontiers parfois sa stratà ©gie avec celle de Nespresso, sous-entendant que les bà ©nà ©fices viennent en grande partie de l’actività © combustible. La structure intà ©grà ©e des actività ©s d’Areva, de la mine au retraitement en passant par la construction de rà ©acteurs est un avantage indà ©niable par rapport à   ses concurrents. Implantà © dans plus de cent pays, les actività ©s à   l’international d’Areva ont une place importante dans la str atà ©gie de croissance du groupe, en s’appuyant principalement sur la renaissance du nuclà ©aire qui a lieu actuellement, et, jusqu’à   la cession, sur les actività ©s de T&D. L’analyse du capital d’Areva permet de mieux mesurer les enjeux: L’Etat franà §ais dà ©tient environ 86% des fonds propres. Cette structure de capital peut apparaà ®tre comme contraignante pour le dà ©veloppement du groupe, l’Etat n’à ©tant pas autorisà ©, par exemple, et ce en raison de la là ©gislation europà ©enne, à   financer les investissements et l’accroissement en capital. La sortie â€Å"inattendue† de Siemens du capital, les retards sur le chantier de construction du rà ©acteur Finlandais, la nà ©cessità © de dà ©velopper le groupe et de conquà ©rir de nouveaux marchà ©s, amà ¨nent, d’aprà ¨s les experts, à   des besoins estimà ©s à   environ 12 milliards d’Euros d’ici 2015. Ces besoins sont un e des raisons qui ont incità © l’à ©tat à   cà ©der le pà ´le T&D à   Alstom pour 4 milliards d’Euros et à   rà ©flà ©chir à   une ouverture et augmentation du capital. Certains analystes ont affichà © un doute quant à   la pertinence de cette cession, l’actività © T&D reprà ©sentant environ 45% du rà ©sultat d’Areva et s’appuyant sur un rà ©seau international dense. La Prà ©sidente, elle-mà ªme, ne souhaitait pas cette session. L’Etat, quant à   lui, actionnaire principal, a avancà © la nà ©cessità © de fonds propres et de recentrage des actività ©s autour du nuclà ©aire.

Management of Family Owned Real Estate Properties in London Dissertation

Management of Family Owned Real Estate Properties in London - Dissertation Example 1.3 Statement of the problem Fritz (1997) conducted management studies, which explored some of the complexities/ difficulties that are normally encountered in the management of family owned business and he concluded that the management of family owned businesses is quite different from other types of businesses and even the difficulties experienced are unique and rarely experienced in other types of business. In the studies conducted by Fritz (1997), he established that there are five common complexities that are normally experienced in the management of family owned business including real estate business. These complexities include family feuding that arises due to failure of the family members to separate their personal lives and business. The other complexities include nepotism, lack of a proper succession plan, inclusion of emotions in the running of the business, and the loss of crucial non-family employees who may opt to leave the company because of family conflicts and restricted growth opportunities since certain senior positions are preserved for the family members. It is because of these common complexities that family members of real estate businesses in London opt to use the services of property agents in order to avoid encountering these common complexities (Poutziouris et al 2006). 1.4 Research objective To establish how property agents have reduced the complexities involved in the management of family-owned real estate properties in London 1.5 Research objectives

The mechanisms that underlay the repairs of DNA damages Thesis

The mechanisms that underlay the repairs of DNA damages - Thesis Example Cytarabine is used in the treatment of acute cases of lymphomas and leukemia. The key mutants to be acted upon are deoxyribonucleoside kinase and deoxycytidine kinase. Using S. pombe provides a greater advantage as it can be easily manipulated both physically and genetically. It also helps to understand the DNA repair mechanism in higher eukaryotes. In its natural form, yeasts do not contain a particular transporter and the particular kinase used to phosphorylate nucleoside analogues. Therefore, in this project, the S. pombe in use is adapted in that it contains deoxynucleotide kinase (dmdHK) which is found in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and is important for their phosphorylation (the addition of a phosphate molecule on to a protein molecule or any other organic molecule). It also contains the human membrane transporter (hENTI) which allows the nucleoside analogue to directly interfere with the processes taking place within the cell. 2.1.0 Material used in the practical 2.1.1 S. pombe strains The S.pombe strains used in this practical are listed below: WT: h+ ura4-D18::adhdmdNK-NAT-adhhENT1 URA4aim Swi10: (h+ ura4-D18::adhdmdNK-NAT-adhhENT1 swi10::KanMX URA4aim) Removal of damage in nucleotide excision repair. exo1: (h+ ura4-D18::adhdmdNK-NAT-adhhENT1 exo1::URA) Removal of damage in mismatch repair. rhp14: (h+ ura4-D18::adhdmdNK-NAT-adhhENT1 rhp14:: KanMX URA4aim). Recognition of damage in the process of nucleotide excision repair. rad50: (h+ ura4-D18::adhdmdNK-NAT-adhhENT1 rad50:: KanMX URA4aim) of the MRN(Mre11,Rad50,Nbs1) complex, for repair of double strand breaks. rad32D65N: (h+ ura4-D18::adhdmdNK-NAT-adhhENT1 rad32D65N URA4aim). Mre11 nuclease dead, lacks the activity of Mre11 in double strand breaks repair. 2.1.2 Medias Liquid 2.1.2.1 EMM+Glut {(EMM broth without nitrogen 109.2 g + Glutamic acid 15g) liquid + Granulated agar 10g} solid . 2.1.3: Preparing Agarose gel: first PCR Procedure: 1. With the use tape, seal all the borders of a dry and cle an glass plate. This is important for forming mold. 2. Prepare 50ml 10X TBE (Tris-boric acid-EDTA) buffer for the preparation of the gel. 3. Add 0.8% of powdered Agarose to the TBE (Tris-boric acid-EDTA) buffer in an Erlenmeyer flask. The buffer should occupy less than 50% of the total flask volume. 4. Heat the solution in a water bath or a microwave oven to facilitate the dissolving of all the Agarose grains. During the heating process, part of the buffer will evaporate. As such it is important to add more buffer solution in order to return the solution to the original volume. 5. After heating, cool the solution to 60Â °C and immerse the solution in an ethidium bromide solution once the gel solidifies. Ethidium bromide helps to intercalate DNA thus making it visible under ultra violet light. 6. Place the comb 1.0 mm above the place consequently allowing for the formation of a complete well once the Agarose solidifies. It is important to avoid air bubbles that may form between or u nder the teeth of the comb. Seal the plate with small quantities of the Agarose solution through a Pasteur pipette. Once the plate is sealed, transfer the gel in to the glass plate. It is important to swirl the gel in the flask to ensure uniformity in the temperature before pouring it out into the plate to prevent the gel for hardening unevenly. 7. The gel is expected to have